IMPORTANCE OF WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN SHRIMP FARMING
What is the cause of shrimp death?
There are many types of diseases that cause shrimp to die. This article will describe most of the reasons and symptoms in more detail.
https://www.asiafarming.com/common-shrimp-prawn-diseases-symptoms-treatment-check-how-this-guide-helps-shrimp-farmers
The following information will describe how to raise shrimp safely and better using relatively simple systems and equipment.
APEH Co. and APEH Viet-Dan have developed and are currently introducing a shrimp farm system including:
❖ CDSS, a system that continuously keeps the pond clean.
❖ MBBR, a system that controls Ammonia and NO2 and contributes to the bacterial culture that controls Vibrio.
❖ Suspended organic filtration, a system that effectively removes a portion of suspended organic microparticles.
❖ Input Water Filtering.
❖ Wood chip filter, prevents pathogenic bacteria and viruses from entering the shrimp production process.
CDSS :
The following information will describe how to raise shrimp safely and better using similar systems and equipment. Continuously remove shrimp feces, uneaten food, shrimp shells, dead shrimp and other organic particles to create a clean environment. better for shrimp, bringing benefits:
- Lower oxygen consumption and save electricity.
- Reduces the risk of bacterial infection.
- Reduce loss.
- Better growth.
- Lower FCR.
How is that possible?Simply because harmful bacteria and microorganisms are spread and live in dirty environments. Quickly removing dirt is like removing a large portion of bacteria and microorganisms that consume harmful Oxygen.
Probiotic microorganisms introduced into ponds consume Oxygen and produce Ammonia (NH3)and CO2 during the decomposition of organic particles.
When Probiotics are used as a method to control water quality and Vibriosis, lower doses of Probiotics can be adjusted because CDSS has rapidly removed a large portion of shrimp feces and suspended organic particulates.
Reduces the risk of developing polluting and dangerous gases such as CO2, CH4 (Methane) and H2S (Hydrogen sulphide).
• * Note that shrimp feces are excreted 24/7 and begin to dissolve within minutes of being excreted.
According to a scientific report on the quantification of bacterial growth in shrimp feces by Christine Beardsley, USDC, July, 2011: 100% of the feed used, shrimp can only ingest 86.3%, then 35 minutes later it begins to excrete outside. On average, shrimp ingest 2.4% and excrete 0.4% of their body weight per day. simple amniotic fluid.
APEH Co. and APEH Viet-Dan have developed and are currently introducing a shrimp farm system including:
❖ CDSS, a system that continuously keeps the pond clean.
❖ MBBR, a system that controls Ammonia and NO2 and contributes to the bacterial culture that controls Vibrio.
❖ Suspended organic filtration, a system that effectively removes a portion of suspended organic microparticles.
❖ Input Water Filtering.
❖ Wood chip filter, prevents pathogenic bacteria and viruses from entering the shrimp production process.
Organic matter that produces bacteria in the pond comes from 17.6% of shrimp feces, and 14% (12.9% + 0.8%) indirectly from food.
In 1 gram of dry weight of shrimp feces, there is a density of 6.6 x 1010 bacteria excreted from the intestinal tract, and multiply rapidly up to 9 times after 12 hours. Diverse and abundant bacteria from shrimp feces have the potential to grow explosively. These bacteria can enrich the nutrients in feces, and shrimp feces act as a vector for the growth of shrimp pathogens.
Report details – https://academic.oup.com/femsec/article/77/1/134/527436
To optimize sludge removal, it is important to:
- Make the slope of the pond bottom, 5 – 8%, 5 – 8cm per meter.
- Suitable water flow.
- It is necessary to optimize the hydraulic flow, continuously circulating water from the center of the pond to the outside of the pond.
MBBR :
In the Viet-Dan APEH system, this biological filter is installed outside the tank/pond. Water from the center of the tank/pond is recirculated through the filter, helping to maintain hydraulic flow in the production tank/pond.
The filter is filled with biological media and aerated to keep the biological media in suspension and prevent any areas in the filter from having dead zones, where black sludge creates.
MBBR is “started up” before water from the pond is circulated through the filter, ensuring it can convert Ammonia and Nitrite.
Once the Nitrifying bacteria culture is established, it will convert the Ammonia produced by shrimp and Heterotroph bacteria, first to Nitrite and then to Nitrate, and form a mild bio-flock.
When probiotics are added to production ponds to control Vibrio, or if shrimp are overfed, it will typically result in a slight increase in Ammonia and a few days later an increase in Nitrite, and increased oxygen consumption. This is a result of increased growth of Heterotroph bacteria that consume Oxygen, break down organic particles, and in the process control Vibrio.
If shrimp tanks/ponds are not kept clean and sludge and particles accumulate, Heterotrophic bacteria will continue to grow and dominate the competition between Nitrifying bacteria and Heterotrophic bacteria, leading to increased demand. Bridges Oxygen, develops Ammonia and Nitrite.
* Note that Vibrio bacteria, are also Heterotroph’s and arise from high organic content in the culture water. This is probably the main reason for the high water exchange rate in many shrimp farms.
With MBBR (and CDSS, Suspended Organics Biofilter, Wood Chip Filter and Feedwater Biofilter) as part of the recirculation system, it is possible to balance water quality and have the following effects:
- Lower water changes.
- Small amount of water is treated and disinfected.
- Reduce the risk of pathogens entering production.
- Better water quality, healthier shrimp and better growth.
Suspended Organic Filter :
Use biological media that floats in water and does not move in the filter chamber. The water flows from bottom to top and through the substrate to come into contact with the bacterial biofilm. In this system, fine organic particles will adhere to the biological film, providing good filtration efficiency and purifying water. This system is designed to ensure water quality that contains a minimum of organic microparticles in the range of 10 – 50 microns. Nitrification also occurs in this filter.
Input Water Filter :
Wood Chip Filter :
At the APEH Viet-Dan demo farm, a Wood Chip Filter (WCF) has been installed. All input water passes through the WCF filter before being sent to the input water filter.
The use of WCF technology in Aquaculture is relatively new and the exact effect that occurs in this filter is still under research and development.
What we can say, based on the operations of the Viet-Dan APEH farm, is that WCF is forming a barrier to larvae from fish, crabs and shrimp and we believe also prevents pathogens from entering along with input water.
Research has demonstrated that WCF is removing both Nitrates and Nitrites from water and a range of residual chemicals and as such is contributing to significant improvements in water quality.
Input Water Filter
Regarding the input water supply system, APEH Viet-Dan has introduced a biological filter that removes organic matter between the wood chip filter and the ready water tank.
The filter is responsible for filtering out organic particles and at the same time aerating the water, removing unwanted gases from the water and at the same time increasing oxygen levels.
The filter also acts as a biological filter that removes suspended organic matter and is cleaned 2 – 3 times per week.
All content is copyrighted by AP VIET DAN Company.